top of page

Bibliography

An, J. Y., (2011). Chinese Civilisation (14) Tang Dynasty / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI8ymLN5da8&t=560s Cai, J. C. (蔡建财; 2012). 壶山祥云殿砂花迎神. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=4384 Chen, C. Y. (2014a, p. 65). (陈春阳; Chénchūnyáng). 莆田市名人志. Fuzhou: Fujian People ’s Publishing House. Chen, C. Y., & Liu F. Z. (2019) (陈春阳 & 刘福铸; Chénchūnyáng liúfúzhù). 兴化府署新葺忠节祠记. Retrieved from https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BcCO65LtxHV3LtvivRxqMA Chen, G. M. & Huang, J. Y. (2019; 陈国孟 黄建焰; Chénguómèng huángjiànyàn). 仙游县叶颙宰相廉政文化研究会成立. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=21588 Chen, G. T. (2012). (陈光庭; Chénguāngtíng). 国师周如磐传. (Zhou Rupan). Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=2624 Chen, G. T. (2014). (陈光庭; Chénguāngtíng). 吴圣天妃与兴角山. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=9758. Chen, G. Y. (陈国英; 2012). 米芾“忽悠”蔡攸. (Cai You Image). Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=1865 Chen, J. S. (陈峻山; 2016). 朱继祚与鹭峰寨. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=2564 Chen, Q. (2003, p. 322). 福莆仙人物志. Singapore: Fu Pu Xian Cultural Publishing House. Chen, T. Y. (2012a-c). (陈天宇; Chéntiānyǔ). 妈祖精神的原始起点, , 林默感人事迹的社会认可. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=5616. Cheng, L. K. (1993, pp. 28-29). The Hinghua Community in Singapore. A study of the socio-economic adjustment of a minority group. In Chinese Adaptation and Diversity: Essays on society and literature in Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Cheng, L. K. (Ed.) (1993, p. 46). The Hinghua Community in Singapore. A study of the socio-economic adjustment of a minority group. In Chinese Adaptation and Diversity: Essays on society and literature in Indonesia, Malaysia & Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Chin, P. (2003). Chin Peng: My Side of History. Singapore: Media Masters. Dean, K. & Zheng, Z. (2009a, p. 15). The Northern Irrigated Plain 北洋水利系统. In: Ritual Alliances of the Putian Plain. Volume Two. Boston: Brill. Dean, K. & Zheng, Z. (2009b, pp. 435 - 943). The Northern Irrigated Plain 北洋水利系统. In: Ritual Alliances of the Putian Plain. Volume Two. Boston: Brill. Dean, K. & Zheng, Z. (2010). Historical introduction to the return of the gods: Ritual Alliance of the Putian Plain (Vol. 1). Leiden; Boston: Brill Dean, K. Fan, G. C. & Herrou, A. (Ed.) (2012a-b). Daoism in the Twentieth Century between eternity and modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press. Dong, L. C. (2011). 董莲池编着。新金文编中[M]。北京:作家出版社. Retrieved from https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%96/4893609 The Malaysian Henghua Personalities. Federation of Heng Ann Association Malaysia (2019, pp. 460–465). Venerable Seet Kim Beng (释金明法师; 1914-1999). Malaysia: Percetakan Advanco Sdn. Bhd. Guo, Z. G. (郭镇国; Guōzhènguó; 2017a). 兴化手拉面. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=19012 Guo, Z. G. (郭镇国; Guōzhènguó; 2017b). 兴化手拉面. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=19012 Guo, R. H. (2022a-b, p. 17), Kuching Dong yue Temple, Jianguan 20th anniversary special issue, Pertubuhan Tong Kak Kuang, Kuching, Sarawak). Han, I. (2011). A study on Confucian view of the superior man. Retrieved from http://www.sguc.ac.jp/uploads/page/unit/files/6da879e750fe891dab98b0102f26b895.pdfHang, P. S. H. (1970a, p. 14). My Christian Testimony. Self-Published. Hang, P. S. H. (1970b, p. 14). My Christian Testimony. Self-Published. Ho, G. (2019). S’pore must stay open to new people, ideas: Ex-minister of state. Straits Times, Home, p. B7. IRO (2020). Taoism. Retrieved from https://iro.sg/Taoism/ Jing, Y. (2018). 江采苹:冷宫深处解花语. Retrieved from https://www.jianshu.com/p/9bd284133be2 Kele, P. (2006) (可樂泡飯; Kělè pàofàn). 興安蒲仙. Taipei: Hyweb Technology Pte Ltd Koh, Q. R., Vincent, & Han, J. (2019). Trishaw. Retrieved from https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_932_2005-01-24.html Kuhn, P. A. (2009a, p. 113). Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times (State & Society East Asia) (State & Society in East Asia). Maryland: Rowman & Littlefields Publishers Lai, Y. (来源; Láiyuán; n.d.) 义净大师. The Buddhist Association of China. Retrieved from http://www.chinabuddhism.com.cn/WFB27th/sxfj/ldgs/2014-09-19/6927.html. Law, F. N. (Ed.) (2012. pp. 489-491). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 1. Singapore: ISEAS. Lee, K. C. (2013, pp. 532-541). Golden Dragon and Purple Phoenix: The Chinese and Their Multi-Ethnic Descendants in Southeast Asia. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd. Lee, Y. L. (Ed). (2019, p.23). A general history of the Chinese in Singapore. NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. Li, F. S. (2018a). (李福生Lǐ fúshēng).史学家郑樵修史成名其社会和家庭影响. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=20293 Li, F. S. (2018b) (李福生Lǐ fúshēng). 兴化小吃“擦粉”. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=20034 Li, X. (2015). 闽台文化交流与合作研究. Beijing: Beijing Book Co. Inc. Li, Y. Q. (李永球; 2016a & b). 棉蘭的神廟. Retrieved from http://ahkew.blogkaki.net/棉蘭的神廟/ Li, X. Q. (2011). Chinese civilisation (05). In Luo, Y., Yan, H., & Wang, X., 2011). Origin of rites and music / Part 01. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZB6PzauiGs Liu, C. H. (2019, p. 300). Lim Ah Lek. Singapore: The Malaysia Henghua Personalities. Lim, J. (2012a-b, p. 41). Chinese Merchants in Singapore and the China Trade, 1819-1959. NSW: University of Wollongong. Lim, J. (2013). A slow ride into the past: The Chinese trishaw industry in Singapore 1942-1983. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Publishing. Lim, K.S. (n.d., pp.25-37) New Fishing Village. Lim, T. S. (2019, pp. 360-362). Yeow Wei Qi. In Huang, K. W. (黄凯文). (Ed.). The Malaysia Henghua Personalities. Kuala Lumpur: The Federation of Heng Ann Malaysia. Lin, A. L. (2013). (林爱玲; Lín'àilíng). 年年沉醉,细数莆仙春节特色习俗. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=5791 Lin, Z. Q. (2019) (林祖泉; Línzǔquán) 南宋状元的家国情怀, , 纪念黄公度诞辰910周年. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=21702 (Huang Gong Du) Lin, Z. Y. (2016). The International Communication of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture: Challenges and Strategies. Cross-Cultural Communication, 12(3), 17-21. Ling, K. C. (2018). Looking back five decades, (1914-1964). Sibu: 马来西亚基督教卫理公会 Liu, D. J. (2011a). Chinese Civilisation (07). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light of reasoning / Part 01. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMBNtYXxKQY. Liu, D. J. (2011b). Chinese Civilisation (08). Cited in Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light of reasoning / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A. Liu, D. J. (2011c). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light of reasoning / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A. Liu, D. J. (2011d). Chinese Civilisation (08). The light of reasoning / Part 02. In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A. Liu, F. Z. (2014a-d) (刘福铸; Liúfúzhù). Putian History (Chinese Edition). Putian: Social Sciences Academic Press Lu, J. (2019). Biography of Guo Shoujing: 郭守敬. Ebook: Deeplogic. Means, P. B. (1970, p. 9). My Christian Testimony. In Hang, P.S.H. (1970). My Christian Testimony. Self-Published. Meizhou Daily (2013). 历史上的莆商:脚车业始祖姚为祺. Retrieved from http://www.ptxw.com/news/wh/xhws/201307/t20130711_23317.htm Meng, F. R. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (14. In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Tang Dynasty / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI8ymLN5da8&t=560s Meng, Q. Y. (1975). Chinese overseas immigrants and the construction of Chinese community in Singapore: a case study of Wang's community in Jiangdou. Marine Culture. Journal of Henan Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition). No.1, 2010. 56. pp. 56-64. New York Times (1905). Li Bi Cu at White House. Chinese woman doctor cordially received by President. New York. May 25, 1905. Retrieved from https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/05/25/101413889.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 OpenAI (2025a). ChatGPT. Image of Chinese festivals. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025b). ChatGPT. Chen Guangda on horseback. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025c). ChatGPT. Taiping Rebellion. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025d). ChatGPT. Opium War. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025e). ChatGPT. The burning of Summer Palace. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025f). ChatGPT. All men are brothers. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025g). ChatGPT. Huangdi and Shennong facing each other. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2025h). ChatGPT. Boat in a storm. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2026a). ChatGPT. Image of Guardian of Hinghwa Heritage. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ OpenAI (2026b). ChatGPT. Image of Distinguished Guardian of Hinghwa Heritage. https://chat.OpenAI.com/ Osmond Chia (2025). Property tycoon Robert Ng and 3 children designated politically significant persons under Fica. Singapore: Straits Times 22 April, 2025. Party History Research Office of Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. Editor: Yun Mengyi. Retrieved from http://m.hkwb.net/content/2021-06/03/content_3972605.htm Peng, L. (2011). Chinese civilisation (06). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Origin of rites and music / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrmk2EwSmLw Phor Tiong Koh Peng Association 40th Anniversary Celebration Souvenir Magazine, 1947-1987.) PROCF (2016). (Putian Returned Overseas Chinese Federation). 近代莆田开拓泰国侨居地的第一人, , 林宗谟先生传略. Retrieved from http://www.ptsql.org/qxfx/201605/t20160518_464732.htm Putian Chronicles (2016a - 2016c). 莆田华侨出国史略. Retrieved from http://www.ptsql.org/qxfx/201605/t20160518_464729.htm Qi, X. (2010). Chinese festivals: Spring festival. Beijing: Foreign language press. Ruan, Q. S. (2012) (阮其山; Ruǎnqíshān, 2012). 莆田“界外”一词的由来. (Jiewai). Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=2200 Ruan, Q. S. (2013a-b) (阮奇山; Ruǎnqíshān). 名人伎. Fuzhou: 海峡出版发行集团. Retrieved from http://www.wenqujingdian.com/Public/editor/attached/file/20180323/20180323110926_29890.pdf Shi, C. J. (石沧金; Shícāngjīn; 2015). 跨国网络中的何氏九仙信仰与琼瑶教. Jinan: Overseas Chinese Research Institute of Jinan University.  Singapore Statistics (2020). Population and Population Structure. Singapore: Department of Statistics. Song, O. S. (1923a). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. Singapore: National Library Board. Song, O. S. (1923b, p. 31). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. Singapore: National Library Board. Song, O. S. (1923c, p. 22). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. Singapore: National Library Board. Song, O. S. (1923d, pp. 1-3). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. Singapore: National Library Board. Song, O. S. (1923e, p. 2). One hundred years’ history of the Chinese in Singapore. London: John Murray. Singapore: National Library Board. Sun, X. C. (2011a-d). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light or reasoning / part 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A&t=719s Suryadinata, L. (2012, p. xxix). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 1. Singapore: ISEAS and National Heritage Centre. Tan, J., 潭 江 (2009). Lin Lanying: Pioneer of China's Semiconductor Materials Science August 06, 2009, 11:00 Source: People's Daily Overseas Edition. Retrieved from https://www.chinaqw.com/rwjj/ls/200908/06/174649.shtml Tang, Y. J. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light of reasoning / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A Tien, J. K. (1983). The Chinese of Sarawak: Thirty Years of Change. Singapore: Southeast Asian Studies. Vol. 21, No.3, December 1983 Toh, W. L. (2017). At a loss for words? Try HinghuaStraits Times, APR 6, 2017. Tu, Y. (涂雨; 2015a). 中国早期女飞行员林鹏侠的抗日救亡情怀. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=13159 Wang, G. W. (2012). Foreword. In Suryadinata, L. (Ed.). Southeast Asian personalities of Chinese descent: A biographical dictionary. (pp. xxi - xxiii). Singapore: ISEAS & Chinese Heritage Centre, Singapore. Wang, H. (n.d. (a-c)) (王 鸿; wáng hóng). Zhu Xian Culture. Guangming Daily (17th August). Retrieved from https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96 Wang, J. B. (2007, p. 1). Research on the faith of He Jiuxian in Fujian. A thesis of Fujian University Normal University. Wang, Z. Y. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light or reasoning / part 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A&t=719s Weatherford, J. (魏澤福; 2018). 把少女當成性奴──窩闊台打擊「成吉思汗的女兒們」的殘忍手段. Retrieved from https://www.thenewslens.com/article/90471 Weng, Z. J. (2020). 李祖洪:为航天事业尽情歌唱. Retrieved from https://ptwhw.com/index_post_24631.html Weng, Z. Y. (1994) (Wēng zhōngyán zhōnghuá shūjú; 1994). 莆田县志. Fujian: China Book Store. Wong, M. L. (2012a-2012c). Brief history of Hin Hua Pou Sen Association Sibu (1912 – 2012). Sibu: Viskill Printing Sdn. Bhd. Xie, C. Z. Z., Lou, D. F. & Jing, H. W. (2019a). (谢赐珍珠; Xiè cì zhēnzhū; 楼东赋; Lóu dōng fù; 惊鸿舞; Jīng hóng wǔ). 江采萍. Retrieved from http://www.baike.com/wiki/江采萍 Xie, C. Z. Z., Lou, D. F. & Jing, H. W. (2019b) (谢赐珍珠; Xiè cì zhēnzhū; 楼东赋; Lóu dōng fù; 惊鸿舞; Jīng hóng wǔ). 江采萍. Retrieved from http://www.baike.com/wiki/江采萍 Xin, D. Y. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light or reasoning / part 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A&t=719s Xinghua (n.d.) Meaning of Xinghua. Retrieved from http://xh.5156edu.com/html5/72497.html Xu, X. S. (徐学仕; Xúxuéshì; 2012). 莆田人过年(做岁)风俗. Retrieved from http://www.ptwhw.com/?post=4252 Yan, H. (2011a-b) The Dawn of Civilization / Part 01 [CCTV9 Documentary]. In Luo, Y., Yan, H., & Wang, X. (2011a). Chinese Civilization (01). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecSYHf0fxrw Yan, W. M. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (03). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Bronze age. / Part 1. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3_qjwz6oMQ Yao, B. (姚斌著, 2024, p. 147). '魁山侨屋漫话'. Fujian: Fujian Xinhua Distribution (Group) Co., Ltd. Yao, B. (姚斌著, 2024, pp. 38-39 & p. 127). '魁山侨屋漫话'. Fujian: Fujian Xinhua Distribution (Group) Co., Ltd. Yi, S. T. (2011). Cited in Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (14) Tang Dynasty / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI8ymLN5da8&t=560s Yuan C. B. (采编员, 2016). Overview of Dongyuan Overseas Chinese Residences. Retrieved from https://www.iguuu.com/portal.php?mod=view&aid=28510 on 25 March 2024. Zeng, X. S. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light or reasoning / Part 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A&t=719s Zhang, C. X. (2011). Chinese Civilisation (08). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). The light of reasoning / Part 2. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUGo63Xiu2A Zhang, G. G. (2011a-b). Chinese Civilisation (14). In Luo Y., Yan, H. & Wang, X. (2011). Tang Dynasty / Part 02. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI8ymLN5da8&t=560s Zhihu (2023). Interpretation of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Retrieved from https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/654004773 on 1 March 2025. Zhou, X. X. (2008a – 2008h). Puxian Wenhua Shulun. 北京 : 中国社会科学出版社. Note: The writer acknowledges the kind generosity of Google Maps for allowing the use of its resources that reads: You may use screenshots from Google Maps and Earth in a book or other publications without needing to request our permission, as long as you're distributing 5,000 or fewer copies.

I value your message. Let’s continue to honour the past, enrich the present, and inspire the future, together.

© 2026 Jason Ong. All Rights Reserved. > "Hinghwa Heritage Centre" and "Guardians of Hinghwa Heritage" are proprietary names and initiatives established for the preservation of Hinghwa culture.

No part of this website or its initiatives may be reproduced or used without explicit written permission.

bottom of page